Shutdown via cmd – this is how it works

adminonJune 10, 2022February 11, 2022Leave a Comment

How to shut down your PC via the windows user interface, every windows user knows. However, the user interface only provides its users with limited options at disposal. Less well known is that computers can be shut down in a variety of ways by entering special shutdown commands in the command prompt, which is an operating system shell that allows interaction between the user and windows.

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Windows shutdown via command: explanation and advantages

The windows command prompt is a powerful tool from the old MS-DOS days that still accepts countless commands for special purposes today. Behind the designation is ultimately an executable program: the cmd.Exe, which offers after its call a command line for the command input (the actual input prompt). For shutdown, this command line tool addresses another program: the "shutdown.Exe"for example, shuts down the PC directly after calling it, restarts it or logs off the current user.

the advantages of command-based control are obvious: windows shutdown commands save you mouse clicks and you don’t have to surf through menus. The detours via the windows user interface omitted. if you trigger a shutdown-command, the computer can be shut down directly and quickly.

Other advantages are flexibility and adaptability: you can choose from different shutdown variants and thus proceed quite variable. A fine tuning of the desired mode is done with addition of additional control parameters. Each mode is intended for a specific use case. Because of their customizability, shutdown routines play an important role in administrative areas, for example. This allows remote control of remote pcs and servers via manual command entry. Special shutdown scripts are also used to automate routines, some of which are relatively easy to create.

We show where to enter CMD commands and what special syntax to follow. We also present various shutdown options dar.

the first step: invoking the input prompt for shutdown commands

If you want to use the cmd.Exe to enter windows shutdown commands, you can use two methods depending on your preferences for computer operation:

Calling by mouse click and entering "cmd
call via keyboard combination and "cmd" input

Calling the input prompt by mouse click and search for "cmd"

1. search field in the windows taskbar at the lower left edge of the screen:

call of the windows command prompt (cmd.Exe) via windows search

2. Letter sequence "cmd"enter the following in the search field:

Selection menu for calling the windows prompt and for other options.

3. press enter or click with the mouse on "open"click.

As you can see on the screenshot, there are different options. You can execute the command prompt with restricted right launch or "run as administrator". In the latter case the cmd operates.Exe with extended access rights. Prerequisite: the use of administrator rights must be explicitly permitted in the active user account to which a user logs in when starting windows.

For a shutdown command the normal mode is usually sufficient. The administrator mode recommended if desired commands cannot be executed in normal mode. But you should always keep in mind: by using administrator privileges programs get wide powers. If they are infected with viruses, for example, damage can be done to the system.

Call via keyboard combination and enter "cmd

If you prefer to operate your operating system using a combination of keys, you can also activate the input prompt using this method:

1. The [windows] key + [R] press simultaneously (the windows key is marked on the keyboard with the windows "flag" symbol).

2. character string "cmd" type search in the input field that opens, press enter or click on "OK"click:

Use the execute dialog to call the windows command prompt after entering "cmd" and confirming with "OK" or "OK". By input key on.

Shutdown via CMD input: this is how the command line commands work

Both call methods cause windows to open the input prompt in a separate window, where you can now define the desired shutdown command:

[USERNAME] is in this case a placeholder for the name of the active administrator or. user account

The windows command line can be numerous shutdown codes process. For this, the exact names and control parameters have to be entered in compliance with the appropriate (command) syntax can be entered. The standard syntax in this case is as follows:

Shutdown commands consist of the basic command "shutdown" and additional control parameters. The latter decide, for example, whether a system should be shut down (/s) or restarted (/r). It is always possible to combine several parameters.

The most important commands for shutdown via CMD

In the following you will get a tabular overview of the most important windows shutdown commands, which can be executed using the input prompt.

The input prompt supports under windows 10 copy-and-paste. you can copy the commands from this article (key combination: [ctrl] + [C]) and then paste them (key combination: [ctrl] + [V]) into the input window. Since running programs can be closed without asking and data can be lost, you should close important programs and save data beforehand.

PC shuts down immediately

restart the computer

Current user is logged off

Forced shutdown: forced shutdown of running application (user receives no warning)

The mentioned commands work directly, so without further elaboration. More sophisticated shutdown procedures require more extensive syntax. Some examples:

Shutdown /s /t 20

local PC shuts down in 20 seconds (time specification at "/t-parameter" is freely selectable)

shutdown /r /m \\computername

Restart a remote pc (if necessary. If preparation is required: assigning access rights for remote control, changing firewall settings)

Shutdown /r /m \\computername /c "comment"

Restart a remote pc (the text behind the "/c-parameter" appears in a blue textbox on the screen of the addressed target pc)

example: reboot local pc after 20 seconds

The local PC will be shut down from the active user account in 20 seconds. The user account is named "peter":

Example of a simple shutdown command that causes a time-delayed shutdown.

example: forced restart of a remote pc after one minute

A remote computer [MY REMOTE-PC] shall after 60 seconds shutdown remotely. In the countdown-phase of the shutdown a textbox with the comment "please finish your work" will be faded in. The following syntax implements the task:

When formulating the syntax, the selected placeholder [MY REMOTE-PC] must be replaced completely (including square brackets) by your own specifications. In the comment the quotation marks must be on top (in front and behind).

Example of a more complex shutdown syntax. A remote controlled PC is shut down with a time delay.

If the command is executed successfully, this standard windows display appears on the screen of the remotely controlled REMOTE pc, supplemented by the desired comment: "please finish your work:

Blue textbox on remote PC after remote shutdown via command line.

Ambitious users of windows shutdown commands can define quite complex procedures for very specific application purposes. The windows prompt lists the basic syntax for doing this, when you click "shutdown /?"(without quotes) in the command line.

More shutdown options

You don’t have to use the command prompt to shut down windows in a variable way. Shutdown routines can also be started via a script (batch file) trigger that executes desired commands immediately without CMD invocation. Such files can be easily created with the windows text editor notepad, as a *.Bat-file save and start by mouse click:

example filename: shutdown_pc.Bat

When creating and testing batch files, there are a few things to keep in mind. In this video the necessary preparations is described in detail:

With the further click you load the video from youtube. in this case youtube may set cookies, which we have no control over.

Another option to trigger a shutdown in the shortest possible way is to create a windows shortcut. After right-clicking on the windows desktop, a menu opens, then select "new" and then "shortcut":

create shutdown shortcut: display after right mouse click on windows desktop.

The opening input window can also handle code. A shutdown shortcut on the desktop is quickly created:

"shutdown /s /t 20enter " (without quotation marks)
On "further"click
Assign a meaningful name
finish the process with "finish" exit

A click on the link will shutdown the PC with a delay of 20 seconds.

Important information about the sample car sales contract (private&) commercial) from ADAC, check24, mobile.De& co.

table of contents:

If you google for the so-called "sample purchase agreement car", a large number of search results appear. the search engine usually specifies the keyword combination and thus influences the search behavior as well as the displayed result selection of your search query. Results with top positions are here under the mentioned terms "sample sales contract car" as follows:

The top 7 results of google search for the keywords "sample purchase contract car".

Now, of course, the question arises as to which of the listed search hits offers the perfect result for the sample car sales contract. We can say in advance that the results on the first pages usually offer the most relevant documents for downloading on the net. The reason for this is simply that these forms are trustworthy, are provided by reputable and large companies or associations and are downloaded by many people. In general, you cannot make any fundamental mistakes if you consider the following points.

Which sample car sales contract is the right one for which sales intention??

When choosing a purchase contract, you should nevertheless take into account various criteria that make the documents of the providers look quite different from each other. These include:

Structure of data fields of seller and buyer
Number of documents to be made
Type of sample car sales contract – private or commercial
filling options – some documents can be formatted and filled out directly
additional information of important steps for seller and buyer
Additional information on the sample car sales contract

We take a closer look at the following 3 purchase contracts of the top search results and give you information and recommendations for your optimal use:

ADAC
Mobile.De
Check24

What are the basic types of sample car sales contracts??

not every sales contract requires the same information from the buyer and seller. Depending on the way in which you sell your used car, adjustments have to be made.

Basically, sample car sales contracts can be divided into two different categories. Either you sell your car

Private or
Commercial

In both cases, you should make sure that all information is clearly and comprehensibly formulated and that no misunderstandings can arise.

the biggest difference between private and commercial sale of a vehicle is that you as a private car seller may exclude the so-called liability for material defects (colloquially also called warranty). This means that you cannot be prosecuted afterwards for any deficiencies that occur. Once the contract has been signed by the buyer and the payment process has been completed, you do not have to worry about any subsequent costs. If you sell your car commercially, you can not exclude the liability for defects and must provide a one-year warranty.

But be careful: in the past few years, the "hobbyist vehicle" has become a term that sellers use to protect themselves from damage that is only noticed after the fact. For example, you can often find fully functional vehicles in used car exchanges that are nevertheless sold as hobbyist vehicles for a variety of reasons. Who sells his used car with false information, can be punished for fraudulent misrepresentation.

Therefore, only cars that are no longer roadworthy should be sold as a repairer’s vehicle. This fact should also be certified by an inspection body such as the TuV or similar institutions. Even vehicles that have been involved in an accident and are no longer roadworthy can be advertised without hesitation as a vehicle for repair. For example, cars with engine damage may be of interest to hobbyists.

sample car purchase contract for private

According to the German Federal Motor Transport Authority (KBA), a total of around 8.65 million vehicles changed hands in 2015, 7.33 million of which were passenger cars. 95 percent of these were sold privately, which results in just under 7 million used cars. The private car sale is undisputedly popular and can be realized by anyone with the necessary prior knowledge.

To ensure that you are adequately prepared for this, we have summarized the most important facts about drawing up a sample purchase agreement for your car here.

Sample car purchase contract from mobile.De

The used car portal mobile.De offers on its website a two-page mobile.De – sample sales contract for private car sellers.

Alternative to the free version of mobile.De we recommend a certified copy of the purchase contract with carbon copy for easier handling: avery zweckform 2880 Kaufvertrag (fur ein gebrauchtes kfz, A4, selbstdurchschreibend) 5 pcs, blue.

Excerpt from page 1 of the sample sales contract from mobile.De for private.

The following information is provided in this document:

General information about the seller and buyer (name, address, etc).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc).)
Information from the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc).)
information of the buyer for the re-registration of the vehicle
Special agreements
Information about the payment (type, agreed price, etc.).)
Confirmation of the handover of the vehicle

Sample purchase contract for the car from ADAC

The ADAC offers a more detailed sample sales contract for private car sellers on its website. This is structured as follows:

Excerpt from page 2 of the ADAC sample sales contract for private buyers.

As an alternative to this free variant from the ADAC, we recommend a certified copy of the purchase contract with carbon copy for somewhat easier handling: avery zweckform 2880 purchase contract (for a used car, A4, carbonless copy) 5 pieces, blue.

page 1 summarizes the most important information for sellers and buyers. pages 2 and 3 are identical, leaving one copy each for seller and buyer. On these pages information about both parties is given. Here it is stated:

General information about seller and buyer (name, address, etc.).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc.).)
Details of the purchase price
information of the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc.).)
Information of the buyer about the re-registration of the vehicle
Special agreements
Confirmation of the buyer about the receipt of all important documents& co. (registration certificate part I and II, key, etc.).)
Confirmation of the seller about the receipt of the purchase price or a down payment

Page 4 finally contains forms for the responsible vehicle registration office as well as your insurance company. These two forms confirm the sale and receipt of the vehicle.

sample car sales contract from check24

check24 also offers you a sample purchase contract, divided into two pages. Similar information is given here:

excerpt from page 1 of the sample purchase contract for private buyers from check24.

General information about seller and buyer (name, address, etc.).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc.).)
Warranty information
Information of the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc.).)
information of the buyer about the re-registration of the vehicle
Buyer’s confirmation of important documents& co. (registration certificate part I and II, keys, etc).)
Special agreements
Confirmation of the seller about the receipt of the purchase price or a down payment
Handover confirmation

General information about buyer and seller (name, address, etc).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc.).)
Information of the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc).)
Data of the buyer for the re-registration of the vehicle
Information about the payment (type, agreed price, etc.).)
Confirmation of the delivery of the vehicle

If you decide to draw up a sales contract yourself, make sure that your information is clearly formulated and that no misunderstandings can arise from it.

sample car sales contract commercial

If you sell your car commercially, you can use the same contract except for a few details. The biggest difference is that you can not exclude the liability for defects and must provide a one-year warranty.

Also for a sample car sales contract, which is to be realized through a trade, large online portals offer preprinted forms. In the following we will take a closer look at two of these contracts as examples.

Sample car purchase contract of the ADAC

For the sale of a car to a business, the ADAC has a detailed sample sales contract available:

A sample sales contract from a businessman to a businessman

ADAC sample car sales contract for a commercial sale to an entrepreneur.

The sample sales contract for a businessman selling to another businessman also provides information on page 1 on the proper sale of a car. Pages 2 and 3 are identical and provide the following information:

General information about seller and buyer (name, address, etc).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc.).)
Information about the purchase price
Information from the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc.).)
Information from the buyer on the re-registration of the vehicle
Special agreements
confirmation of the buyer about the receipt of all important documents& co. (registration certificate part I and II, key, etc.).)
Confirmation of the seller about the receipt of the purchase price or a deposit

The contents of these are the same as those of the two variants presented above. page 4 is also identical and again contains forms for the responsible vehicle registration office and your insurance company.

Page 3 is identical with page 2 and therefore the second version for the buyer.

On page 4 a protocol of defects is given. All existing defects can be entered here. The ADAC also advises that defect reports of this type can also be issued by test centers. This protocol is handed over to the buyer, who confirms with his signature that these defects have been determined together. This excludes that the buyer wants to attribute damages, which occurred afterwards, to the seller.

On page 5, forms are provided for the relevant vehicle registration office and its insurance company, confirming the sale of the vehicle.

Sample car sales contract from check24

Sample car sales contract from check24 for a commercial sale.

The sample sales contract from check24 for a commercial sale is very much based on its counterpart for a private sale. Here, too, all important data and facts are recorded on two pages:

General information about the seller and buyer (name, address, etc.).)
General information about the vehicle (manufacturer, type, first registration, etc.).)
Warranty information
Information from the seller about the vehicle (accident damage, total mileage, engine, etc).)
Information provided by the purchaser regarding the re-registration of the vehicle
buyer’s confirmation of important documents& co. (registration certificate part I and II, key, etc).)
Special agreements
confirmation of the seller about the receipt of the purchase price or a down payment
Handover confirmation

differences become clear here in the area of the warranty, which explains that this is limited to one year. In addition, the price of the vehicle is broken down in more detail (gross and net price, etc).). all other details are identical to the sample private sales contract.

sample sales contracts for private | overview& download

sample sales contract private – mobile.De	sample sales contract private – ADAC	sample sales contract private – check24
free download mobile.De – sample sales contract	free download ADAC – sample purchase contract	free download CHECK24 – sample sales contract
sample sales contract private "checked& legal"	sample sales contract private "checked& legally secure"	sample sales contract private "checked& legally secure
avery zweckform 2880 sales contract (for a used car, A4, carbonless copy) 5 pieces, blue.	Avery zweckform 2880 sales contract (for a used car, A4, carbonless) 5 pieces, blue.	Avery zweckform 2880 sales contract (for a used car, A4, carbonless) 5 pieces, blue.

these downloads lead to selected and common sample sales contracts exclusively for the private end consumer. The paid copies are legally secure and tested.

sample car sales contract – individualization is a must!

According to various court rulings, the individual formulation of the purchase contract plays an important role, so that it retains its legal force in the event of a court case. In plain language, this means: fill in the fields with individual information yourself, truthfully and clearly. Do not make any concessions, but remain completely objective with the truth to the best of your knowledge and belief.

example:

you are the second owner of the vehicle and you are not sure what accidental or minor damage was caused to your car before your time. The previous owner has only told you: "there was a small parking bump on the rear bumper".

These are the classics of the statements, which one often receives with the private car purchase of the previous owner.

an optimal solution would be to formulate this in the same way in the sales contract with the addition that you cannot exclude further damages one hundred percent, because you lack the evidential power. Therefore, you cannot be held liable for any claims that may arise from this.

include everything you know about your vehicle in the time before its use and the time of its use. If you are missing any information about the past before the time of your use, write this into the contract as well and explicitly release yourself from any damage or repairs that may have taken place before. After all, you are not an expert. nevertheless, it is your duty to put in writing all knowing information about the used car to the buyer. For your safety and prevention in the event of a legal dispute.

please note: you are responsible for the correctness of the information in the declarations, even if you were not aware of an accidental damage, for example. If you want to avoid this situation, we recommend you to sell your vehicle to a professional car buyer in your region.

sample car sales contracts commercial | overview& downloads

sample sales contract
commercial (businessman to private person) – ADACsample sales contract
commercial (businessman to businessman) – ADACsample sales contract
commercial – check24

– currently not available –	free download	free download
sample sales contract commercial (business to private person) – ADAC checked& legally secure	sample sales contract commercial (business to business) – ADAC checked& legally secure	sample purchase contract commercial – ADAC checked& legally secure
sigel KV440/25 contract of sale for used motor vehicle (ADAC)	sigel KV440/25 contract of sale for used car (ADAC)	sigel KV440/25 contract of sale for used car (ADAC)

these downloads lead to selected and common sample sales contracts exclusively for the commercial seller. The paid copies are legally secure and tested.

In order to provide you with an overview of which information, details and copies of documents you should definitely use and prepare for yourself as a seller or buyer, autoverkaufen recommends the following to you.Net the following checklist:

sample car purchase contract – checklist: what documents you need& notes that you must observe

We recommend the seller keep the following documents and pay attention to these important things:

receipt of the full purchase price
Completed sales contract copy for seller or the original

Notice of sale and confirmation of receipt according to. § 13 IV FZV for:
The licensing authority

drive with the buyer to the registration office and register or deregister the car directly.
or – especially if the buyer cannot prove residence in germany, immobilize the car before handing it over to the buyer.

We recommend buyer accept the following documents and observe the instructions:

Completed purchase contract copy for buyer or the original
Registration certificate part (original)
registration certificate part II (original)
Certificate of the last main inspection (HU in the original)
EC or EEC declaration of conformity (COC paper from the manufacturer)
identity card or passport of the seller (copy)
License plates
power of attorney of the authorized seller (also from this person we recommend a copy of the identity card or passport, especially for buyers whose residence is abroad)

sample purchase contract car – conclusion& summary

Anyone wishing to sell their vehicle, whether privately or commercially, should obtain sufficient information in advance. This will ensure that you can guarantee a smooth purchase to your buyer. have all the relevant documents ready and make sure that you have sufficient protection. a perfect template for this is our checklist – follow it and you will have sold your used car in no time at all!

Drivers are facing higher fines – and not only that: they must expect to receive a point for exceeding the speed limit by 16 km/h.

Now that the Bundesrat has approved the government’s road traffic amendment, motorists are facing some unpleasant changes. As soon as the changes have been published in the Federal Law Gazette, traffic violations will become significantly more expensive for you in some cases. Here is an overview of the most important changes.

Emergency lane

Drivers who do not form an emergency lane have been facing a fine of 200 euros and two points in flensburg since the end of 2017. Now this penalty is being made more severe by the fact that a one-month driving ban can now be imposed even without the realization of a concrete danger or obstruction.

Until now, this was only possible if there was obstruction or endangerment of third parties or damage to property. The fines for these offenses will remain unchanged at 240, 280 and 320 euros – plus two points in flensburg and a one-month driving ban. Drivers who illegally use the emergency lane pay a minimum fine of 240 euros. You will also receive two points and a one-month driving ban.

Speed limit violations

It’s getting uncomfortable for drivers who don’t follow speed limits. Anyone speeding at 16 km/h in or outside built-up areas now has to reckon with a penalty point. There is a fine of 70 euros (in built-up areas) and 60 euros for violations outside built-up areas.

In addition, exceeding the speed limit by 21 km/h in built-up areas has more far-reaching consequences than before. In addition to a fine of 80 euros and two points in flensburg, speeding offenders can now expect a one-month driving ban. Out of town, these penalties (95 euros, driving ban for one month) take effect from a limit violation of 26 km/h.

The previous rule that speeding offenders who exceed the speed limit by at least 26 km/h twice within a 12-month period can be banned from driving will also become obsolete.

Car posing

the police took this BMW X5 out of circulation in dusseldorf. Photo: dpa

Drivers who show off their vehicles "loudly" to the public will have to pay more. Causing unnecessary noise and exhaust gas as well as the useless driving back and forth can cost up to 100 euros.

Speed camera apps

Using speed camera apps on your smartphone or navigation system to warn you of speed traps is not a good idea. This will now be expressly prohibited. The fine for using such an app while driving is 75 euros, plus one point in the driving suitability register.

Parking

parking space is too cheap, according to a study by agora verkehrswende. Photo: dpa

Unlawful stopping and parking will become more expensive. fines of up to 100 euros and even a penalty point are possible. example parking or stopping in second row to do something quickly: so far it costs 15 euro for stopping, who parks and obstructs someone pays 25 euro. Now at least 55 euros are called. If there is an obstruction, the fine increases to 70 euros, in the case of endangerment to 80 euros and in the case of damage to property to 100 euros – one point in flensburg is added on top of the fine for obstruction in each case. This fine regulation also applies to drivers who park their vehicles on sidewalks, bike paths or emergency lanes.

anyone who parks their car in a blind spot will pay 35 euros in future instead of 15. The cost of parking in a fire department driveway will rise from 35 to 55 euros. If emergency or rescue vehicles are obstructed, the fine increases to 100 euros, plus one point. 55 euros will also be charged for unauthorized parking of vehicles in a parking space for severely disabled persons as well as in parking spaces designated for e-vehicles and car-sharing vehicles.

Important to know: in the future, it will no longer be sufficient to leave a space of five meters in front of an intersection if there is a bike lane that is structurally separated from the roadway. Now the distance to the next intersection or junction must be eight meters. This is intended to increase the safety of cyclists.

Bicyclists

cyclists are particularly at risk in traffic. Photo: dpa

Bicycle users are to be given special protection through various provisions in the amendment to the Stvo. In addition to the stricter tariffs for parking cars on protective lanes or cycle paths, vans or trucks over 3.5 tons, for example, are not allowed to drive faster than walking speed when turning right in built-up areas. Violations mean a 70 euro fine and one point. Of course, this regulation also serves to ensure pedestrian safety.

The amendment also clarifies that bicyclists are allowed to ride two abreast. the new legal text in the stvo, paragraph 2, subparagraph 4 will probably read as follows: "bicycles may be ridden side by side if this does not obstruct traffic; otherwise they must be ridden one behind the other"." up to now it was still said: "bicycles must be ridden one behind the other; side by side is only allowed if this does not obstruct the traffic."now, the focus is on allowing drivers to drive side by side as long as there is no obstruction.

Larger minimum distance

The amendment to the Road Traffic Act also specifies the minimum distance that drivers must keep from other road users when overtaking. A minimum distance of 1.50 meters in built-up areas and at least 2 meters outside built-up areas, for example between a bicycle and a car.

Previously it was only said that the distance had to be sufficient. What’s more, the green arrow rule now also applies to cyclists when they want to turn right from a bike lane or bike path. in addition, a separate green arrow sign for cyclists is planned. A sign indicating that two-wheelers are prohibited from overtaking is also being planned. Parking spaces and loading zones are to be designated for bikes with loads by means of a special sign. (SP-X)