Water care: all clear with chlorine and ph

adminonMay 26, 2022February 11, 2022Leave a Comment

The chlorine content and pH value are measured. Clean water in the pool. Photo: adobe stock

Water care is an extremely important issue: after all, you want to enjoy your swimming pool to the fullest, and perfect water quality is crucial for this. How and with which means this succeeds best, you read in our technical contribution.

The credo is: swimming pool water is a "food"! the bather lives with his whole body in this water, he swallows it, he smells it, he gets it in his ears, nose and eyes. Swimming pool water is circulating water, usually circulates one season and is only changed by refilling fresh water after filter backwash or. The natural evaporation "refreshed" again. Therefore, there is a need for balanced water maintenance.

In public baths this is regulated by law and implemented and controlled by automatic measuring, regulating and dosing technology. For the private area the pool owner takes the responsibility for the carefree, healthy bathing pleasure.

Without good filtration and circulation, the effect of the chemical treatment is lost

Water maintenance can be divided into three areas, but they are all interdependent:

Physical water treatment (filtration, circulation, basin hydraulics)
Chemical water treatment (ph value, disinfection)
Additional measures (flocculation, algae prevention).

The basis for a perfectly functioning water care is certainly the filtration and circulation, because without this, the chemical treatment is almost ineffective. However, it should be noted that optically clear water (works with good filtration) is not necessarily biologically pure water, it requires chemical water treatment.

With chemical water treatment, we create the prerequisite for "healthy" water. the basis for water care is the correct ph-value. It creates the basis for the mode of action of the water care products used. This is best illustrated by chlorine, which is still the most common and widely used disinfectant.

Here are two examples to illustrate: at a pH value of 6, the effectiveness of the chlorine is a maximum of 92 percent. At a pH value of 8, on the other hand, the effectiveness of the chlorine drops to a maximum of 25%. This means that in example two you measure 0.8 mg of free chlorine in the pool water, but only 0.2 mg of chlorine is effective. Similar is the case with other disinfectants.

The pH value therefore requires constant monitoring, because it can change permanently: due to rain, sun, heating and other environmental influences.

Disinfection works according to the correct ph-value setting

In summary, the ideal pH value setting of 7.0 to 7.4 is necessary so that all disinfection and flocculation products work, the pool construction is not damaged by corrosion or lime precipitation, we feel comfortable in the water and the skin is not depleted (pH value too high) or reddened (pH value too low), and finally algae formation is prevented. A tip: the right products for ph-value regulation can be obtained from your specialist dealer.

Disinfection serves to create hygienically clean water and begins after the correct pH value has been set. The disinfectant kills bacteria, germs, viruses and prevents the formation of fungi, biofilms and algae. The following products are used as disinfectants in practice:

Chlorine
Bromine
Active oxygen
PHMB products, so-called biguanides (polyhexanmethylene biguanide)

Chlorine is a universally applicable and proven disinfectant, which can be used as tablets in different sizes, possibly combined with flocculants (not suitable for cartridge filters) and/or algae protection, or as a disinfectant. Granules can be used. Liquid chlorine is used especially for automatic dosing. Furthermore, there are special "fast-soluble chlorine products", which are used, among other things, for shock chlorination in the case of severe turbidity or algae formation. Attention: used (bound chlorine) in the water leads to an unpleasant chlorine smell, which can be counteracted by regular fresh water supply, for example after backwashing.

Bromine, active oxygen and other disinfectants

a note on bromine: the tablet or. The stick dissolves only slowly in the water and is therefore dissolved in a so-called "bromine sluice" and added to the water circuit via a dosing valve.

Active oxygen is a skin-friendly, odorless, gentle form of disinfection that uses oxygen-splitting compounds such as hydrogen peroxide or persulfate. The products are offered as tablets, granules and in liquid form for automatic dosing. PHMB products are available from a number of manufacturers. The application is simple and safe if the manufacturer’s instructions are followed. The product cannot be combined with chlorine.

In addition to these products, there are also. Reduction of chemical consumption the processes of disinfection by ozone resp. UV put to use. Both methods are complementary, as they do not have a depot effect (permanent disinfection potential).

The flocculant provides a clear view of the water. This binds the smallest suspended particles into larger units, which can be filtered in this way.

Algaecides are mainly used to prevent the formation of algae and not to combat them. In the case of severe algae infestation, only shock chlorination will help in principle. All processes can also be partially or completely automated in the private sector.

In summary: water treatment is a complex process that must be taken into account as early as the planning stage of the pool:

Type of disinfection (with chlorine or chlorine-free),
Which water is used (local water analysis recommended), for example, well water is not recommended, as it usually has a very high mineral content, which can lead to unsightly discoloration in the pool.
Sufficient design of the technical room.

In cooperation with the specialist dealer, individual solutions adapted to the local conditions are offered.

Text: rainer frohlich

Bayrol: variable chlorine application

For conventional disinfection with chlorine, bayrol has an extensive range of products. "varitab" is a 300 g multifunctional chlorine tablet that u.A. For the shock disinfection of the sand filter, the permanent disinfection of the pool water, the flocculation as well as the hardness and chlorine stabilization is used (ca. Every two weeks). The granulate "complete& easy" provides weekly disinfection of the pool water and algae prevention. Photo: bayrol

Topras: intuitive and automatic

"topmatic" from topras is an automatic measuring and control system for pH value and disinfection. As soon as there are deviations from the limit values, the system informs the user by means of an acoustic and visual signal. the operation of the "topmatic" is intuitive, all values can be easily read on a large, four-line display. Photo: topras

Peraqua: self-cleaning system

Fully automatic, hygienic and convenient – these are the attributes of the self-cleaning salt electrolysis systems from peraqua. The compact design is adapted for use in technical rooms. High-quality components such as titanium electrodes ensure a long service life. Clear displays document the most important values such as temperature, salt level or the status of the self-cleaning cell at a glance. Photo: peraqua

Chemoform: bio-flakes

"delphin multiflock bio" by chemoform is a biodegradable flocculant – it forms large filterable flocs, removes bound phosphates and heavy metals (copper), and removes sun milk residues from the water. The product is based entirely on renewable raw materials and can be combined with all disinfection methods. Photo: chemoform

Dinotec: ozone-based

"din-o-zon K2″ from dinotec is based on ozone technology and stands for environmentally friendly, hygienically clean swimming pool water care. This significantly reduces the use of chemical water care products. Ozone is produced physically from atmospheric oxygen and decomposes into oxygen after reacting with bacteria and organic substances. The ozone is produced by the device directly at the point of use and always only in the required quantities. Photo: dinotec

Dryden aqua: ensures flocculation

APF (all poly floc) is a coagulant and flocculant. It flocculates the smallest turbid substances into large filterable flocs and also coagulates dissolved substances such as phosphates. Used correctly, APF can reduce oxidant consumption by up to 80 percent. Dosing should be carried out via a flocculation pump. In the optimum case, APF from dryden aqua is added upstream of the filter via a ZPM mixer (static mixer). Photo: dryden aqua

Pentair: chlorine from table salt

With "ichlor", pentair offers a salt chlorine generator that uses normal table salt for chlorine production. The disinfection performance is the same as with the manual addition of chlorine. A display can be used to check the salt content, cell cleanliness, disinfection output and water flow rate. Integrated sensors ensure that the water flow is sufficient for safe chlorine production. The device is suitable for pools up to 75 000 liters. Photo: pentair

Saltmaster: less salt

"aqualine fresh" is a tubular cell electrolysis system. Thanks to a newly coated electrolysis cell, the appliance works very efficiently, i.e. significantly less salt is required for chlorine production. The device is available in two versions: AF 15 produces 15 grams of chlorine per hour, AF 22 produces 22 grams in the same period of time. Photo: saltmaster

The automotive market is large and confusing. First of all, therefore, you should look at your own needs and narrow down your selection. If you have kids and maybe a dog, you’re more likely to be interested in a minivan or a large station wagon. If you are looking for status and lots of horsepower, you should focus on an SUV or a coupe. For singles and young couples in the city, small cars will probably come into question. They are maneuverable, offer storage space and fit into tight parking spaces. A convertible is a good choice as a second car for the summer. Once this basic decision has been made, the next step is to find suitable manufacturers and models. A good source for this are motor magazines and car blogs, but also driving tests on youtube.

Step 2: testing

At the end of the pre-selection process, a list of three to five favorites should be drawn up. In the next step, they are tested for heart and kidneys by the dealer. If you have small children, you should bring their stroller or car seat to the dealership to see if they will fit in the new car. The same applies, of course, to hobby surfers or skiers. The board or the equipment can be taken to the trunk test if you like.

In addition, another decision has to be made at this stage: a new car or a used car after all.

The arguments in favor of a new car:

Modern equipment and the latest safety systems

Color and equipment according to your own wishes

Long new car warranty

Damage and defects are unlikely

In favor of a used car

A good compromise is the purchase of an annual or workshop car. These have only a few kilometers on the odometer and often a good equipment. But they are still a lot cheaper than buying a new car.

Cheaper than a new car
Available immediately
Less depreciation than buying a new car

Caution: when buying a used car, a comprehensive practical check is very important to avoid unpleasant surprises. If you don’t know much about cars, you should take your friends and relatives along for a test drive.

Step 3: negotiate well

Whether used or new – when buying a car, you can and should negotiate without a guilty conscience. The number of new car purchases is declining, which is why there are often good offers and discounts available. But to really save money, a little preparation is necessary. If you know the prices on the market and the equipment details, you don’t have to pay too much in the end. Therefore, think carefully about which equipment is necessary and which is only incidental. Another tip: don’t reveal your price pain threshold too early and negotiate further if you get a generous discount – especially if the car dealer makes what is supposed to be a final offer very early on in the sales pitch.

Step 4: how do i finance my new car??

Once the desired car has been found, the question of financing the new car remains. The "easiest" variant is cash payment. The purchase price is paid in full, a loan is not necessary. This is the best option, especially when buying a used car. When it comes to buying a new car, on the other hand, the share of car financing is growing.

The classic installment loan is the most common form of car financing. The principle is very simple: the purchase price is divided into monthly installments, which the buyer pays until the entire vehicle is paid off. the monthly rate depends on the list price of the car, the down payment and the agreed term. If you decide to finance your car in installments, you should definitely compare the credit offers of your own bank with those of the car manufacturer. This saves a lot of money in case of doubt.

the balloon loan is a special form of installment loan. In the first step, the customer makes a down payment, then pays a monthly installment for three or four years, and finally he has the choice of returning the car, paying the rest of the purchase amount as a one-time final installment, or continuing to finance it with monthly installments. Caution: the final installment can be very high. A correspondingly large amount of money must be set aside for this.

A third option is leasing. The essential difference to classic car financing lies in the ownership relationship. With a leasing contract, you rent the car for a limited period of time, while the leasing provider remains the owner. The vehicle is returned at the end of the contract period. This variant is particularly worthwhile for companies and self-employed persons. You can claim the monthly leasing rates very well for tax purposes. Private individuals should take a closer look. It is often more expensive to lease a car than to finance it with a favorable loan.

A relatively new model is the car subscription. More and more car manufacturers and startups are offering an "all-inclusive" package. Repairs, insurance, taxes, TuV, everything is taken over. Customers only have to refuel themselves. Long contract terms are also eliminated. The disadvantage: the service has its price. The rates are often very high.

you can’t expect more at the moment: with the new s-class, mercedes is once again offering all the equipment options that are available. We were allowed mercedes-benz S500 But we had to be patient first: our test of the flagship sedan, which the carmaker has only carefully modified visually, begins in the spectator area. In a parking garage at stuttgart airport, a young man tells us that the silver s-class is about to park on its own. Without chauffeur. One push of a button and the car rolls away. First reversing out of the parking bay, then turning into the driveway to the second floor. We watch and marvel. The car obviously knows its way around, knows where there is a free space and maneuvers itself cleanly and safely into the parking space 17. Engine off. Ready. Do not believe? This video illustrates the function, which will make a parking service superfluous in the future:

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Mercedes S-Class in the test: inner values count here

Our test candidate is standing outside the door: a S500 with plenty of brainpower under the sheet metal. We already experienced the automatic parking system – a world premiere – at the beginning of the test, and now we’re looking at freewheeling with a chauffeur. A V6 under the hood plus an electric motor for support. 457 hp in total, 520 nm plus 250 nm from 1.800 revs as torque. The price: 116.232 euros. Without extras. It can easily reach 250 km/h, but it’s not allowed to exceed that – electronically governed. If you want more, you can order the AMG version with a top speed of over 300 km/h.

A first look at the new S-Class doesn’t reveal any significant changes – especially not from the front. But there’s a lot of brainpower underneath the sheet metal exterior.

A first tight curve, the limousine steers in and we ask ourselves if we are really sitting in a 5.18 meter long car. The rear wheel steering transforms this S- rather into a C-class – as we then notice quite clearly during the U-turn. The turning circle is reduced by two whole meters. The reason is simple and another world premiere: a steering angle of ten degrees at the rear axle is unique, other systems manage just two to three degrees at most. We are impressed and recommend this technology to anyone who often has to move around in parking garages or narrow streets. (read also: mercedes expands its EQ brand with an electric crossover)

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Mercedes S-class with significant interior changes

stop at the traffic lights and thus a first, closer look at the interior. The monitors are immediately noticeable: while mercedes offered us a screen landscape that took up almost the entire width of the dashboard a generation ago, things look very different in the new S-Class. We see: two individual monitors. The first sits in front of the steering wheel and shows everything that is important while driving. Naturally digital, razor-sharp and of course configurable. Monitor number two on the center console. Large, elegant and equipped with all the information and settings we want. Infotainment at its best. At the next quiz show, you can use this car as a joker: it can listen, understand, tell stories and has access to the best archives you could wish for when it comes to the master question.

The two individual monitors provide a view of the luxurious instrument panel in the mercedes s-class. But the newly shaped air vents above the center monitor are also conspicuous.

Freeway, speed 200 and more, the V6 engine is hard at work – and as we hear, we don’t hear a thing. No wind noise, even the outside mirrors seem to be absent. The new S-Class drives as quietly as an electric car thanks to the best insulation forward. The air suspension does the rest: glides like on "silent soles – this is how luxury works. (also interesting: maybach S-class – the upper class sedan arrives in the ultra-luxury segment)

When looking ahead, the following also comes to mind head-up display at. Positive, very positive. Compared to the competition, it’s huge, sits closer to the driver’s eyes and displays content razor-sharp. The driver looks, rejoices and declares this representation as normality. Just like the 3D graphics in the instrument monitor. It takes some getting used to but it is also impressive.

Mercedes S-class (2021): longer, wider, taller – and heavier than its predecessor

And the rest? As usual. We believe this mercedes can do it all and has it all. Even new taillights that no longer feature the three LED stripes that are the S-Class’ distinguishing feature. They are narrower and similar to those of the current E class. Grown the sedan also, inside and outside. The extra weight is noticeable – a plus of 95 kilos, which the lightning-fast 9-speed gearbox easily absorbs. (read also: oldtimer newcomers – these 4 cars are looking forward to an H-plate in 2021)

The new taillights will first catch your eye. The rear end of the new S-Class now looks much sleeker and more elegant than that of its predecessor.

In terms of fuel consumption, mercedes reports around 6.5 liters per 100 kilometers for the diesel models, and around 8.5 liters per 100 kilometers for the gasoline models. We didn’t manage this with our S500, but our test shouldn’t be taken as a representative benchmark either. After all, we have demanded more from the car than the typical s-class customer (or preferably the chauffeur) might do.