Leasing contract – all information on your rights and on terminating the contract

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your rights : leasing – important information on concluding and terminating the contract

Leasing contract - an overview of your rights when concluding and terminating the contract

Leasing is the opposite of financing. You do not buy a car. But you do not really rent it. Read all about leasing here.

instead of buying a car, you can lease it. This form of financing is becoming increasingly popular with private individuals. You receive the vehicle for a fixed term and pay a fixed monthly amount for its use.

The owner remains the lessor. Sounds like renting? In fact, the word leasing comes from the english language and means "renting". But compared to a rental relationship, leasing has subtle but important differences. During the leasing period, for example, the lessee is fully responsible for the vehicle. As the lessee, you are responsible for maintenance, repairs and insurance – not the official owner or lessor.

In the article you will find important information on the following topics:

Where is leasing regulated by law?

The leasing contract regulates the general conditions and defines the financing model. However, there is no uniform legal basis for leasing. Relevant laws can be found in the German Civil Code (BGB) under the tenancy law and in other legal areas such as the consumer credit law and the commercial law. In the event of disagreements about the residual value, extraordinary termination or a total loss, you should take the precaution of consulting a lawyer who is familiar with leasing law.

There are different types of leasing contracts, namely a leasing contract with residual value accounting, a contract with a right to offer and the mileage accounting model. Be sure to read the fine print of your contract. As a rule, the leasing contract cannot be terminated without further ado.

A lease with residual value settlement consists of a special payment at the start of the contract, the lease payments and the estimated residual value of the vehicle at the end of the contract term. If the estimated residual value is higher, the lease payments are lower. The estimated residual value is offset against the actual value of the vehicle at the end of the contract period. If the lease price is too high, you may have to pay a large surcharge. in this case the lessee must pay for the difference. Therefore, do not be lured by low leasing rates and insist on an assessment of the residual value that is as realistic as possible.

In contracts with a right of tender, the estimated residual value of the vehicle is also determined. If the actual value of the car at the end of the lease term is less than the estimated residual value, the lessor may require the lessee to buy the car. However, regardless of the residual value, the lessee has no right to purchase the vehicle. If the lessor does not explicitly require it, the lessee cannot buy the car either.

Leasing contract - all information on your rights and on terminating the contract

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In the mileage-based model, a total number of kilometers is specified for the entire term of the lease agreement. If this number of kilometers is exceeded, additional kilometer costs are added. The cost is usually between ten and 15 cents per kilometer. There is no residual value calculation at the end of the contract term, so there is no risk of a high subsequent payment at the end of the term in this respect. In return, the leasing rates are usually set higher.

The leasing contract can only be terminated for cause before the end of the contract period. For example, if the lessee does not comply with the terms and conditions of the contract and does not maintain the vehicle properly, transfers the vehicle to other persons without permission or intentionally makes false statements when concluding the contract.

What is a lease takeover?

So what do you do if your personal situation changes and you no longer need the leased car?? Since you cannot terminate the contract, the only option is to take over the lease. In the case of a lease transfer, an existing contract is handed over to a new contract holder. The new lessee takes over the remaining installments and the costs of amending the contract.

What documents are required for leasing?

If you want to lease a car privately, your creditworthiness will be checked first. For this check you will need your identity card or a copy and the last three salary slips. If you lease the car as a company car, a so-called self-disclosure, the last annual financial statement of the company and an excerpt from the commercial register or a business registration will be requested. If a leased vehicle is used for commercial purposes, the costs can be claimed as business expenses. If you lease the vehicle privately, this tax advantage does not apply.

Leasing – who is the owner?

In the case of leasing, the lessor remains the owner of the car, but transfers the rights of use to the lessee. The difference between leasing and renting is that a landlord would still be responsible for the maintenance of the rented property. In the case of a lease, the costs of repairs are borne by the lessor. In the case of leasing, the lessee is responsible for the vehicle. He must ensure timely maintenance, carry out repairs at his own expense, pay taxes and take out insurance.

Who is in the vehicle registration document when leasing?

The vehicle registration document, officially called registration certificate part I, contains information about the vehicle owner and the vehicle data. Changes to the vehicle are recorded in the vehicle registration document. The lessee is entered in the vehicle registration document as the owner of the vehicle. You should always keep the vehicle registration document with you in the car. If the vehicle is leased as a company car, the name of the company is entered in the vehicle registration document.

Who is on the vehicle title?

The vehicle registration certificate, officially called registration certificate part II, contains information about the official owner of the vehicle. In case of leasing, this is the leasing company. The lessor, as the owner of the vehicle, retains the vehicle registration document. Only in the event of a later purchase of the vehicle, the original vehicle registration document is left with you.

Leasing – who pays the tax?

As the vehicle owner, the lessee must pay the taxes for the vehicle. Fully comprehensive insurance is also stipulated in most leasing contracts. In all-inclusive leasing contracts, costs such as taxes, insurance and repairs may be included. With these all-inclusive packages, you only have to pay the leasing rate. With such a financing model, however, this also turns out to be correspondingly higher. Calculate exactly which model is worthwhile for your no-claims bonus class.

Who can drive the leased car?

In case of private leasing, family members are allowed to use the car as well. However, please observe the individual agreements in your leasing contract and the clauses in your insurance policy. In the case of commercial use, the car can be driven by the company’s employees, provided that the insurance covers this shared use.

Who pays for repairs of the leased vehicle?

If the lease payment does not include a flat rate for insurance and repairs, the lessee is responsible for repairs themselves. Maintenance work must be carried out at the intervals specified by the manufacturer. For regular maintenance, use only the manufacturer’s authorized service centers to avoid jeopardizing your warranty claims.

What is a special payment in leasing?

A special leasing payment is also called a leasing down payment. This becomes due at the beginning of the contract period. the higher the special payment, the lower the monthly lease payments. Unlike purchase financing, however, a down payment is not required. This makes private leasing particularly interesting for young customers without high reserves. a special payment in the amount of approx. Ten percent of the purchase value.

What is the residual value of a leased car??

The residual value is the actual value of the leased car at the end of the lease term. This value depends on the condition, age and mileage of the car. The estimated residual value is calculated at the beginning of the lease and recorded in the leasing contract. Defects and damage to the leased object lead to a reduction in value when the leased vehicle is returned. If you have chosen a contract model with residual value accounting and the actual residual value is low, high additional payments can be demanded.

What are signs of use on the leased object??

Traces of use are visible marks on the leased object caused by the normal use of the vehicle. This includes superficial scratches, small stone chips or minor traces of use in the interior. These occur even with careful use and do not have a negative effect on the residual value of the vehicle with a reputable lessor. The situation is different in the case of real damage and defects. These include major dents, scratches, damage to the paintwork, and stains or holes in the seat upholstery.

Leasing – what happens in the event of a total loss?

If the worst case scenario occurs and a total loss is incurred, it is not possible to cancel the leasing contract. The insurance pays out the replacement value of the car. This is usually significantly lower than the total value of the remaining lease installments and the estimated residual value. The insurance does not cover this difference. If no additional insurance has been taken out, the lessee is left to bear the costs. A total loss does not lead to an automatic termination of the leasing relationship.

The so-called GAP coverage can protect against this risk. If the estimated residual value of the vehicle is relatively high, this additional insurance makes sense. GAP insurance can be taken out as an optional extra. This insurance covers the difference between the car or liability insurance payout and the remaining total of lease payments and residual value.

Ph sensors are indispensable in many areas. But those who think that this is only something for laboratory chemists and physicians are mistaken. In everyday life, too, there are now many reasons to use the ph value to be determined precisely – in the meantime this can even be done fully automatically.

Ph sensors are found in many areas of life

Most people do not think about the ph value – until they a reason HAVE. However, the question then often arises as to which sensors are to be used and how the most precise measurements possible are to be carried out. The determination of the ph value does not necessarily require electronic sensors, but is also possible with test strips, for example.

Theoretically, one could even call the human tongue a sensor for determining ph values, because whether something tastes sour or sweet is strongly related to this value. lemons taste more sour than, say, a sweet prune juice. And also in the kitchen we are constantly confronted with the ph value without noticing it. Baking powder for example, is a product based on the action of acids and bases. The difference between acidic and basic solutions however, most people are not even aware of this.

Simplified, it can be reduced to the fact that an acidic solution contains a high concentration of hydrogen ions has an alkaline solution corresponding to a low concentration shows. To assess whether the value is high or low, the hydrogen ion concentration of pure water serves as a reference. This concentration in a solution is usually referred to as ph value.

The ph scale

So the scale that sensors or test strips use always refers to the standardized ph value, according to which they must be calibrated to display correct results. Modern gauges must be determined by calibration systems can be adjusted, on many models these are already integrated internally, on others an external calibration is foreseen. This is especially true for professional applications. The following ph-values correspond to different solutions one has to deal with in everyday life.

this ph value scale shows how the ph value measured by ph sensors is to be interpreted.
(graphic: shutterstock – alhovik, #3)

Ph-value from acid to base:

1 – gastric acid
2 – lemon juice
3 – orange juice
4 – tomato juice
5 – black coffee
6 – human urine
7 – distilled water
8 – salt water
9 – baking powder
10 – milk of magnesia
11 – ammonia solution
12 – soapy water
13 – bleach

For biology, and therefore also for medicine, the ph value and reliable sensors for its precise determination play an important role. So a shift of ph-value in blood or urine on certain diseases such as z. B. diabetes indicate. While a test strip can be used for the initial determination, a ph measuring device in the laboratory is necessary for the exact determination, which also creates further analyses for the attending physician.

Not only physicians and chemists need reliable ph sensors

Everywhere test strips not sufficient for the precise determination of the ph value, ion selective sensors are used in corresponding measuring devices for various applications. Very common is the so-called galvanometry, in which a glass surface coated with potassium chloride solution filled sphere with a glass membrane is immersed in the respective measuring liquid.

The hydrogen ions tend to be based on the glass surface to accumulate and thus create galvanic voltage within the sphere, different from an independent reference electrode. the difference can be used to determine the ph value, which is then usually shown on a digital display. Another measuring method uses ion-selective field-effect transistors. Here, too, a membrane is used, on whose surface hydrogen ions accumulate and the current permeability of the membrane connected transistor influence. Measured values can also be derived from this. But for which applications in everyday life are ph sensors actually necessary?? the answer surprises many laymen and shows that there is a great need for precise measuring instruments.

Typical applications for the use of ph sensors:

Aquaristicsto determine the right environmental conditions for certain fish species
agriculturefor the determination of the ph-value of soils and products such as fruit, wine, etc.
Swimming pools and domestic poolshere the ph value is an indicator of the quality of the water.
Medicineespecially the analysis of blood and urine)
Cosmeticsz. B. For the production of ph-neutral washing substances and other products
drinking watermonitoring the quality of drinking water

In addition, there are many other areas such as the food chemistry, where ph values always play a big role. in short: even private individuals sometimes need accurate sensors for ph determination, for example if they run an aquarium or have their own swimming pool. But also in building construction, when using mortar or other substances, the ph value of the floor may be important to prevent corrosion and other problems.

As an alternative to pH sensors, it is also possible to determine pH levels chemically. Test strips and, as visible here, test tablets and test tubes help. (Photo: shutterstock - oneSHUTTER oneMEMORY, #1)

As an alternative to ph-sensors, it is also possible to determine the ph-value by chemical means. Test strips and, as visible here, test tablets and test tubes help. (photo: shutterstock – oneshutter onememory, #1)

Automatic measurement of the water in the home pool

Whether you have a fully developed swimming pool or only a somewhat larger pool, it doesn’t matter. If you want your children and yourself to have fun in the water, you should measure the ph value of the water regularly and monitoring. The consequences of a shift in the ph value in the pool are sometimes serious and can be serious in the event of a prolonged absence (e.g. B. On vacation) to real damage lead.

ph value too low: risk of corrosion damage!

When the ph is too low, the water acts as a mild acid that can cause corrosion damage. Fittings, the mortar of the tiles or even the functioning of pumps, cleaning and filtering systems can be affected. For cleaning purposes, many owners like to add a little more chlorine to the water – this also influences the pH value and, in case of doubt, can lead to irritation of the skin and allergic reactions. Too little chlorine, on the other hand, can promote an environment in which increased bacteria and algae thrive, which is something you usually want to avoid in the pool.

checking the ph value daily with a test strip is sufficient in principle, but it always involves a lot of effort – and is not always possible, especially when you are away. Modern sensors can remedy this situation and report their analytics data to an app or other services via an automatic function, so that the owner is always informed about the current pH value and can intervene if necessary.

Ph sensors have long been digital. As seen here, they perform tasks in agriculture and horticulture, are often read by app from the smartphone. in the age of iot, automatic ph measurement delivers data directly to the ERP system. (photo: shutterstock: deyan georgiev)

Also farmers benefit from automatic measuring equipment, they show you immediately when the soil values are no longer right and the crops are in danger. because plants react very sensitively to shifts in the ph value. They also know that hobby gardener with their own greenhouse in the garden.

Another advantage of a meter calibrated via calibration systems is that the values are very reliable and there is no need to purchase test strips and test tablets, which reduces follow-up costs. Especially when there is a constant need for measuring the ph value, the one-time purchase of a precise electronic measuring instruments ultimately saving money.

Accuracy plays an important role depending on the field of application in private or professional environment. For example, if you want to keep very sensitive seawater fish in your aquarium, you have to pay very close attention to the correct ph value. measurement errors and inaccuracies can then not be afforded. Similarly, for laboratory applications in the medicine, the food technology and the agriculture.

Conclusion: good ph sensors need not be expensive today

In the past, high-quality meters were only useful for professionals because the purchase price in no relation to the benefit stood. For most non-professional applications, therefore, the test strip procedure usual. This has changed greatly with the drop in the price of electronic devices. Even high quality instruments from premium manufacturers are nowadays affordable for laymen and interested amateurs.

In particular smartphones and app control has the permanent control of ph-values made possible in all areas. But even inexpensive devices from the far east are easily sufficient for many applications in terms of their precision. However, if you need reliable values that can be used in court under certain circumstances (for example, in agriculture or food quality control), you should always use a calibrated model, whose calibration systems ensuring precise results even with infrequent use.

About the author

Marius beilhammer, born in 1969, studied journalism in bamberg, Germany. He has been writing for technical magazines for many years and is also a freelance author on various market and business topics. As a Franconian with a happy nature, he always finds the balance in his work between ease and comprehensive know-how thanks to his pronounced affinity for technology.

Everyone needs a place to sleep and rest after a hard day – even martens. Unfortunately, the solitary animals often choose places that are very inconvenient for us humans. This also includes the engine compartment of the car. We have tips for you and tell you what you can do if a marten has nested in your car.

If you are looking for a new car, here we have the current top new car offers for you:

Why does a marten go into the car?

In the spring into summer inside is with the martens mating season. The male specimens look for a suitable place for nest building and attract females with scents. The engine compartment of a car is a perfect cookie, because it is warm, safe and from the marten’s point of view you even already have some materials for the nest building at your disposal.

When a rival male perceives the scent of the other marten, it may react aggressively and bite wildly, destroying the nest of the competition. With this destroys he, however, also hoses, rubber, cables and everything else that is inside the engine compartment.

However, not only the direct damage of the marten bite is problematic, but also everything that the animal has additionally carried into the engine compartment for nest-building. leaves, newspapers, branches and other things can change at higher temperatures in the engine compartment ignite and start a fire.

How to tell that a marten has been in the car?

Especially if your car is parked outside, you should regular the check the engine compartment. If you find nesting material, it is obvious that a marten has taken up residence. But otherwise marten only difficult to spot. You can look for footprints or feces on the car, but of course this is not a confirmation yet.

look at cables, hoses and rubber regularly and as soon as you notice anything negative about the vehicle while driving or otherwise, have it checked at a workshop so that you can continue to drive safely. Even if your vehicle no longer starts despite a correctly performed jump start, a marten may be behind it.

Is there a home remedy against martens?

Even though martens can cause dangerous damage to the engine compartment, many people first want to get rid of the animals using home remedies put to flight. There is no guarantee that home remedies against martens in the car will be effective, but you can certainly give it a try. Here are a few home remedies that are said to be more or less effective:

bags with dog or cat hair
Mothballs
Slats covered with wire
Special sprays and pastes

That dogs and cats are not the best friends of the marten, should be known. Whether, however, the smell of dog and cat hair keeps the marten away in the long run is questionable. Due to the strong smell of mothballs should be made uncomfortable for the marten, so that he looks for another hiding place, this is also basically the purpose of the sprays and pastes, you can buy.

Very popular are wood-wire racks, to be placed under the car at the level of the engine compartment. The animals can get their paws caught in the grille and cannot find a good jump from the ground into the engine compartment. This can help, but again, there is no guarantee that a marten will not take up residence.

If you know that you have had a marten in your car, it may also help to car thorough to washing – especially an engine wash is important to eliminate the marten smell and not to attract other animals.

Which marten protection is the best?

In addition to the above-mentioned home remedies, there are also possibilities of marten guards, recommended as effective – but of course not necessarily inexpensive. Recommended:

Ultrasound
Electricity
engine bulkheads

In the case of a marten deterrent, which ultrasound sets, are high tones emitted when the marten approaches the car. Since the animals have sensitive ears, the marten is supposed to be unpleasant noise be scared off. People do not hear these sounds. ultrasonic devices are easy to install under the hood and are either powered by the car battery or have their own battery.

There is, however, the possibility that martens get used to the noise over time – but the advantage is that the animals are not injured or caused pain in the process.

The situation is somewhat different with the very drastic method of using electricity. As the only permanently advertised solution, the marten is supposed to be electric shocks be kept away. For this purpose, electrodes are placed in the engine compartment at various locations. When the animal touches a metal plate, it gets an electric shock, gets frightened and flees.

More animal-friendly and also effective are also engine bulkheads. Many manufacturers offer these specifically for their own models. Perforated plates or bristle curtains are installed under the engine compartment and seal it off from below.

insurance pays for marten damage?

In the common comprehensive insurance marten damage is covered. However, sometimes only direct marten damage paid by car insurance, so for example a bitten hose – but if it resulted in major damage, it would not be paid for. For this it is necessary that in their insurance policy is additionally registered that a consequential damage also covered.

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