New engine recipes: saving with the compressor

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Economy without sacrificing driving pleasure is the new engine recipe for automakers. In addition to the turbocharger, the compressor, which for a long time was primarily found in sports cars, has become an indispensable aid. This will enable engines for small cars and compacts with low thirst but high power and good responsiveness.

Engine displacement reduction

The old solution "there is no substitute for displacement, except more displacement" no longer applies. Today, a modern four-cylinder turbo engine with a displacement of just 1.4 liters achieves performance figures for which conventional naturally aspirated engines still require at least two liters. This reduction in engine displacement is often referred to as "downsizing". Turbochargers and compressors provide the engine with additional "breathing air" and thus compensate for the low engine displacement. The superchargers draw in air from the environment, compress it and blow it into the combustion chambers. Technically, this is expressed in a better filling ratio, so that more oxygen is available for the combustion of the fuel. Performance increases.

Consumption

But turbocharged engines are also significantly ahead of their big brothers when it comes to fuel consumption. The main reason for this is lower friction; according to compressor manufacturer eaton, savings of up to 20 percent are easily possible. The compressor mainly solves the old problem of turbo lag. For a long time, gasoline engines with turbocharging suffered badly from this annoying pause in acceleration. Because in order to get going, the turbocharger needs sufficient exhaust gas to start the turbine for air compression.

However, the exhaust gas pressure of gasoline engines is rather low compared to diesel engines. Particularly when accelerating from a low load, there was a lack of sufficient pressure. Once a certain rev level is reached, the turbo power often kicks in abruptly and very violently. The compressor, on the other hand, works at low engine speeds. [foto size="small" position="right"]it does not rely on exhaust gas pressure as it is moved by the engine via chain or belt drive. As a result, it presses the required air into the combustion chambers immediately and without delay.

Use of the system

At VW

The system is currently used in a number of VW engines, such as the 1.4-liter TSI gasoline engine with 118 kW/160 hp for compact models like the VW golf or the VW scirocco. Recently, this technology received the prestigious "engine of the year 2009" award.

For audi

But the compressor is not only used in twin-turbocharged engines for compact cars; the supercharger also makes powerful engines for sports cars more fuel-efficient. This is demonstrated by the new audi S4, for example. Until the end of 2008, the high-performance mid-range was still equipped with a naturally aspirated V8 engine, but the new generation has a six-cylinder gasoline engine charged by a compressor. The 245 kW/333 hp engine is only eleven hp weaker than its much larger and more fuel-intensive predecessor. Fuel consumption falls from 13.3 liters to 9.7 liters of fuel. In terms of performance, the current mid-size sedan even outperforms the outgoing generation, not least because of its lower weight: it reaches 100 km/h in 5.1 seconds, compared with at least 5.6 seconds previously.

In future also in very small engines

In the future, the compressor will also help very small engines achieve greater fuel efficiency. Eaton’s european boss joao faria expects his company’s small engine business to grow by around 80 percent over the next few years. It would then also be conceivable to use one-liter engines in the compact class, which would have the performance of much larger engines.

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Written by (hh/mid) published on 24.06.2009 updated 24.06.2009

Outrage over Belgian decision to euthanize children continues unabated. It is terrible what happens there, says the Vatican. In Germany, meanwhile, the debate over a ban on organized euthanasia continues.

Vatican has called Belgium’s law on active euthanasia for children cruel. "Terrible, if you only think about what is happening," said Cardinal Elio Sgreccia. Cardinal Sgreccia told Vatican Radio on Saturday that it was "monstrous" what was now happening to children, "not only before birth but also after birth". A "bit of pity and human compassion would be enough to rule out certain things.". The Italian bioethicist headed the Pontifical Academy for Life from 2005 to 2008.

The Belgian bishops said in a statement they were disappointed by the parliament’s decision to give a child the right to request his or her own death: "This violates the ban on killing."The law would question the basis of human coexistence. According to the bishops, the door is now open to include the disabled, dementia patients, the mentally ill or those who are tired of life in active euthanasia.

Euthanasia out of control

Also in Germany the criticism of the Belgian parliamentary decision does not tear off. Belgium is an example of how "euthanasia can get out of control," said CDU member of parliament Michael Brand.

Brand told Deutschlandradio Kultur on Saturday that he was shocked by the idea that children "should be put in a position of responsibility here that we are not allowed to put them in". In the meantime, Belgium is already discussing euthanasia for dementia patients: "That is not my idea of how our society should look, that we should send those who are weak, whether they are young or old, over the Jordan River."

Brand called for a strict ban on organized euthanasia in Germany. "We can’t make life available," said the Fulda-based member of the Bundestag, who is expected to initiate a corresponding bill in the CDU/CSU parliamentary group. People should not be helped "to die, but to die": "We must expand hospice work, expand palliative medicine and at the same time we must prevent suicide and assisted suicide from becoming a normal option."

In Brand’s view, assisted suicide should continue to be exempt from punishment. "But an organized form, where associations make money with it or where untrained people believe at the end, they can decide whether the person now changes the place from this world to the hereafter, that can not be the solution," said the CDU politician.

Necessary discussion

In Germany, the German Children’s Hospice Association also criticized the Belgian law change. The association, based in Olpe in the Sauerland, however, welcomed the discussion, which has now also been triggered in Germany, in a statement on Friday. "We reject active euthanasia in every form. Children want to live", the association announced. In the work of 20 outpatient hospice services for children and young people throughout Germany, no child has ever expressed the wish for active euthanasia. Instead, the association demands an expansion of the accompanying hospice work and palliative medical care.

The German Hospice and Palliative Association (DHPV) condemned the plans as "scandalous". This is "a decision against the weakest in the society. It contradicts any notion of humanity."

German solution still open

Currently, the Bundestag in Berlin is preparing a reform, organized euthanasia should be prohibited. Active euthanasia is currently prohibited in Germany; anyone who kills someone at their request faces up to five years in prison. Permitted is however passive euthanasia, with which physicians terminate life-sustaining measures and switch off for instance the respirator.

Under the government of CDU/CSU and FDP, a law to ban assisted suicide had failed. The then Justice Minister Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger (FDP) had presented a draft according to which only commercially oriented, i.e. commercial euthanasia would have been punished. Union did not go far enough. She called for a ban on any organized, so-called business-like assisted suicide, so that associations offering so-called assisted suicide could also be prosecuted.

King still has to agree

On Thursday, the Belgian parliament had approved a bill to extend euthanasia to minors, which has been legal for adults since 2002. The condition is that the child suffers from "constant and unbearable" physical pain and death is expected soon.

The change in the law is expected to come into force in a few weeks. First, Belgium’s King Philippe has yet to sign the law, which is widely expected to happen. This makes Belgium a pioneer. The Netherlands also allows doctors to administer lethal drugs on demand to seriously ill adolescents, but only when the patient is 12 years old or older.

sun, beach, sea and stuffy air in the car. Shortly before the longed-for summer vacation, it is particularly disappointing if the car air conditioning is defective or does not cool properly. Read on auto-werkstatt.what you can do to ensure that the temperature in your car is always right.

Gone are the days when an air conditioner in the car was only part of a luxury equipment. For a long time now, even small cars and mid-range passenger cars have had a. It not only ensures fresh air in summer, but also a warm interior in winter, filters odors and regulates humidity.

Once a year, the filters of the car air conditioning system should be replaced / ©kaboompics/ pixabay.Com

However, if the air conditioner in the car does not cool properly, several reasons can be responsible for it. In the following sections, you will learn what the most common causes of failure are and what you can do about them. You can also read why regular cleaning and maintenance are important.

The most common defects of the car air conditioner

The following components of the air conditioning system are often the cause of malfunctions:

The coolant circuit is the heart of any air conditioning system. The gas tetrafluoroethane, also known as R134, flows through the hoses and is compressed by the compressor, changing to a liquid state. If there is a crack in the line, the coolant will seep through.
Another core part of the air conditioner is the condenser, which functions as a heat exchanger by extracting heat from the air inside the vehicle, thus providing the cooling effect. If stones or grit land between the fins, it can be damaged. In this case the coolant also escapes.
But even without external influences, the seals of the system give way over time. About ten percent of the refrigerant is lost every year. If it is not refilled regularly, the level will eventually become too low and the air conditioner will no longer cool properly. If, after an inspection, the level of the refrigerant is found to be correct, the defective air conditioner may be the fault of the compressor.
Sometimes it is a comparatively simple fault, for example if the magnetic switch is broken, which first switches the system on. In this case it is enough to replace it. If other moving parts rust or give way, the entire compressor must be replaced, as there is no point in repairing it.
A broken pressure switch is also a common source of failure. This is the component that regulates the pressure in the device. If it fails, it must be replaced.

In the following sections you will find out how much it will cost to have the air conditioning system repaired.

Why regular cleaning of the car air conditioning system is important

Car air conditioning is not only a cause for concern if it is defective. Often, especially after the air conditioner has not been operated for a long time, a moldy smell emanates from the nozzles. The temperature in the vehicle is correct, but the stay is just as unpleasant. When the air conditioning system stinks, it is usually caused by bacteria and fungi that settle in the condensation water of the evaporator. To get rid of it, it is recommended to run the air conditioner a few times for a long time and then turn it off after a while, while the engine is still running. Ideally, it should be off about ten minutes before you reach your destination. In this way, no condensation remains and the foul-smelling bacteria can no longer multiply.

Sometimes, however, this measure does not lead to success. In this case, it is advisable to buy a special cleaner that is sprayed into the interior while the system is running, with no one sitting in the vehicle and with the doors and windows closed. With this spray, the air conditioning system can also be disinfected at the same time, all germs die off. The cans are available on the Internet or in specialized stores for less than ten euros. If this measure does not help either, the only solution is to have the cleaning done by a professional.

Carry out a leak test yourself?

If there is a suspicion that coolant is leaking, there is the option of carrying out a leak test. There are kits available on the internet that can be used to test for leaks using a pressure gauge and nitrogen. For this purpose, the supplied hose is connected on the high-pressure side to the service adapter of the vehicle. This causes the nitrogen to flow through the line at high pressure. If you notice a drop in pressure on the pressure gauge, it means that nitrogen is leaking because one or more points are not tight. To find them exactly, you can help yourself with the leak detector. It is a kind of soapy water that forms bubbles when it comes into contact with nitrogen. The cost of the set is about 70 euros.

If several cracks appear, you should contact your auto repair shop. Although it is theoretically possible to patch it and refill the missing refrigerant yourself. However, the process is carried out under high pressure and the refrigerant is both highly toxic and harmful to the environment. It is also important to keep to the maximum amount of refrigerant, as overfilling can destroy the air conditioning system over time. As a rule, specialist knowledge and professional equipment are necessary to carry out the refilling correctly. If the air conditioning system breaks down due to an incorrectly performed refill, an expensive repair is due. It is therefore advisable to have the work done by auto mechanics. Refilling the air conditioner usually costs less than a hundred euros. If repairs are also required, the final bill can be higher.

Repairing the car air conditioning system: what will it cost me??

In the case of a broken component or leaking lines, repair is unavoidable. Not only is the performance of your car air conditioner reduced when refrigerant leaks, but the lubrication of the moving parts is no longer guaranteed and they fail quickly as a result. How much you have to pay for a visit to the repair shop depends largely on the extent of the damage. The compressor, for example, is a comparatively expensive component. Depending on the make and model of the car, the cost of a replacement varies between 700 and 1.300 euros, to which is added the service of the garage. For a new evaporator, the cost is around 500 euros including installation, for the change of the pressure switch, around 150 euros. It is cheaper if only one line is leaking and the refrigerant needs to be refilled. Here, too, the final price varies depending on how complex the repair of the hoses is. In general, you can expect to pay about 100 euros for a replacement. Replacing the cabin filter costs between 50 and 90 euros.

Why you should have the air conditioning system of your car serviced

Many air conditioning problems are not detected in time by laymen. If you want to avoid expensive repairs, you should have your car’s air conditioning system regularly inspected by specialists. During the inspection, the most important components such as the compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion valve are checked to ensure that they are functioning properly. The mechanic looks for holes and cracks in the pipes through which the coolant flows. Thus, it can be detected early if coolant is leaking. As this is a toxic liquid, servicing the air conditioning system also protects the environment. This service may already be included when you purchase your car Cost varies depending on performance. In some workshops you can have your air conditioning system checked for as little as 50 euros.

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Conclusion

If the air conditioning system in your car is defective, there are a number of possible causes. Often leaks in the line cause problems because the refrigerant escapes. If the level is too low, the system will no longer cool properly. Sometimes important components such as the compressor or the evaporator are broken and need to be replaced. even without breakdowns, regular maintenance is important to keep your air conditioner running smoothly. The cabin air filter should be replaced at least once a year, and the refrigerant must also be topped up. At the same time, the experts check whether the lines are leak-proof. If you are looking for a workshop near you to have your car air conditioning system repaired or serviced, you can request orders here free of charge and without obligation.

Engine displacement reduction

Consumption

Use of the system

In future also in very small engines

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